LanHi & Tunnel construction

　　Hydraulic concrete wet shotcrete machines are widely used in modern construction engineering for shotcrete operations, and are highly favored for their high efficiency and precision. Proper operating procedures and maintenance measures are crucial to ensure the normal operation and prolong the service life of the equipment. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the usage method and precautions of hydraulic concrete wet spraying machine.

　　1、 Preparation work

　　1. Hydraulic oil filling: Before using the hydraulic concrete wet spraying machine, it is necessary to first check the oil tank and fill it with sufficient hydraulic oil to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system.

　　2. Add water: Add water to the sink for use during machine testing and cleaning.

　　3. Check the motor: Turn on the machine and check whether the forward and reverse rotation of the motor is normal, ensuring that the motor can operate normally.

　　4. Equipment installation: Install sandblasting pipes, nozzles, rapid setting agent pipes, and air ducts to ensure that all components are securely connected.

　　5. Start the air compressor: Start the air compressor and check if it is running properly to ensure that it can provide sufficient air pressure support.

　　6. Debugging of accelerator pump: Start the accelerator pump, adjust the variable frequency rotation button to around 30 Hz, and check if the accelerator pump is working properly.

　　2、 Test process

　　1. Water lubrication: Before testing the machine, fill the hopper with water, start the main motor and ensure its normal operation.

　　2. Check the nozzle: Open the air duct and check the working condition of the nozzle to ensure that it can spray normally.

　　3. Lubrication pipeline: Turn on the positive pump for transportation to lubricate the pipeline. After lubrication is completed, stop the machine and drain the excess water from the hopper.

　　3、 Concrete spraying operation

　　1. Feeding: Add commercial concrete into the hopper to ensure that the quality of the concrete meets the requirements.

　　2. Turn on the accelerator: Turn on the accelerator air, keep the accelerator air on, start the accelerator pump, and wait for the nozzle to release the accelerator.

　　3. Spray operation: After the rapid setting agent is released from the nozzle, open the air duct first and then start pumping concrete. During the pumping process, the concrete in the hopper should not be lower than the mouth of the material cylinder to avoid affecting the spraying effect.

　　4、 Cleaning after homework completion

　　1. Cleaning of accelerator pump: After the spraying operation is completed, clean the accelerator pump pipeline with clean water to ensure that there is no residue in the pipeline.

　　2. Equipment cleaning: Start the wet spray machine and use a positive pump to repeatedly clean the hopper, S pipe, and sandblasting pipe. They must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent residue from solidifying.

　　3. Special attention in winter: After cleaning, the reverse pump must be turned on to drain the clean water from the hopper, S pipe, and water tank. At the same time, the water in the accelerator pump must be cleaned to prevent equipment damage caused by freezing.

　　5、 Precautions

　　-Operation safety: When operating the hydraulic concrete wet spraying machine, the operator must wear personal protective equipment such as safety helmets, protective goggles, and gloves.

　　-Regular maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain key components such as hydraulic systems, air compressors, and accelerator pumps to ensure long-term efficient operation of the equipment.

　　-Environmental protection: When cleaning equipment, attention should be paid to environmental protection to prevent pollutant emissions.

　　Through the above steps, the efficient and safe operation of the hydraulic concrete wet spraying machine can be ensured, and the construction quality and efficiency can be improved. I hope this guide will be helpful for operators in practical applications.

　　Wet spraying robots play an important role in tunnel construction, and their quality and performance directly affect the progress and safety of the project. Therefore, choosing a reliable manufacturer of wet spray robotic arms is crucial. The following suggestions can help you make wise choices.

　　1. Check the manufacturer's reputation

　　The reputation of a manufacturer is an important indicator for evaluating its product quality and service level. If a manufacturer produces wet spray robotic arms with excellent quality and a good user experience, then the manufacturer's reputation will naturally be very good. There are several ways to choose a reputable manufacturer:

　　-Check the official website for construction cases: The official website usually displays successful construction cases, from which you can learn about the performance of the manufacturer's equipment in practical applications.

　　-Consultation on Used Projects: You can inquire with nearby projects that have used the manufacturer's equipment to understand their user experience and evaluation.

　　Word of mouth is formed through long-term accumulation and is not easily falsified, so it can be an important reference for choosing manufacturers.

　　2. Check the manufacturer's after-sales service

　　The quality and performance of the machine are certainly important, but after-sales service cannot be ignored either. Good after-sales service can provide timely solutions when equipment malfunctions, ensuring the smooth progress of the project. When choosing a manufacturer, the after-sales service can be evaluated from the following aspects:

　　-After sales response speed: Understand the manufacturer's response speed when equipment problems occur, and whether they can quickly solve the problem.

　　-Accessory supply: Ensure that manufacturers can provide sufficient spare parts supply to avoid project delays caused by accessory issues.

　　-Service reputation: You can inquire with other users to understand the quality of the manufacturer's after-sales service.

　　The after-sales service of small manufacturers is often not comprehensive enough, which may affect the progress and quality of the project. Therefore, choosing a manufacturer with good after-sales service is particularly important.

　　3. Look at the scale and strength of the manufacturer

　　The size and strength of the manufacturer are also important factors in the selection. In general, manufacturers with larger scale and stronger capabilities have more assurance in terms of equipment quality and performance. They usually have complete production facilities and strict quality control systems to ensure the stability and reliability of their products. In addition, large manufacturers have strong financial strength and are not easily affected in production and delivery due to financial issues.

　　-Production capacity: Assess the manufacturer's production capacity to ensure timely delivery and that production issues do not affect the project schedule.

　　-Quality assurance: Understand the manufacturer's quality control process and certification status to ensure that the equipment produced meets relevant standards and requirements.

　　Choosing manufacturers with large scale and strong capabilities can reduce procurement risks and ensure the quality and performance of equipment.

　　When choosing a manufacturer of wet spray robotic arms, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the manufacturer's reputation, after-sales service, scale, and strength. Manufacturers with good reputation usually have higher product quality and service level. Manufacturers with good after-sales service can provide timely solutions when equipment problems occur. Manufacturers with strong scale and strength have more guarantee in equipment quality and production capacity. Based on the comprehensive investigation of the above points, you can choose a reliable manufacturer of wet spray robotic arms to provide strong support for your project.

　　Mining machinery equipment refers to various mechanical devices and tools used in the process of mineral resource extraction. These devices play important roles in different stages of mining, including drilling, loading, transportation, lifting, and crushing operations. The following are some common classifications of mining machinery and representative equipment:

　　What are the types of mining machinery and equipment? Introduction to various types of mining machinery and equipment

　　1. Drilling equipment:

　　Drilling rig: used for drilling geological rock layers, obtaining geological data, or drilling mine ventilation holes, drainage holes, etc.

　　Drill rod: connects the drilling rig and drill bit, transmitting rotation and drilling force.

　　Drill bit: directly acts on rocks to perform drilling operations.

　　2. Loading equipment:

　　Excavator: Used for excavating materials such as ore, soil and rock, it can be divided into track type and tire type.

　　Loader: Used for loading loose materials such as ore, coal, etc., it can be divided into front loading and rear loading types.

　　Bucket: Installed on loading machinery, used for grabbing and transporting materials.

　　3. Transportation equipment:

　　Mine car: used for transporting ore, waste rock, etc. inside mines, usually driven by motors or diesel engines.

　　Mining dump truck: with a large load capacity, used for transporting large amounts of materials.

　　Conveyor belt: used for continuous conveying of materials, divided into ground conveyor belt and underground conveyor belt.

　　4. Upgrade equipment:

　　Winch: It uses steel wire ropes to pull objects and achieve vertical or horizontal transportation.

　　Elevator: used for vertical lifting of underground materials, such as lifting mining trucks, personnel, etc.

　　Elevator: installed inside the shaft for personnel to enter and exit the shaft.

　　5. Crushing equipment:

　　Jaw crusher: uses the squeezing effect between two metal plates to crush materials.

　　Hammer crusher: uses a high-speed rotating hammer head to strike and crush materials.

　　Cone crusher: uses a cone crushing chamber to squeeze and crush materials.

　　6. Screening equipment:

　　Vibration screen: Using the principle of vibration to screen materials, it is divided into linear vibration screen and circular vibration screen.

　　Rolling screen: Screening materials by rotating a drum.

　　7. Washing equipment:

　　Jig machine: uses the buoyancy difference between water and materials for separation and washing.

　　Spiral classifier: uses spiral motion to classify materials.

　　8. Auxiliary equipment:

　　Pump station: provides necessary liquid pressure and flow for the mine.

　　Compressor: Provides compressed air for use with pneumatic tools and equipment.

　　Ventilation equipment: Ensure the air quality underground and eliminate harmful gases.

　　9. Safety equipment:

　　Self rescue device: provides respiratory protection in case of fire or toxic gas leakage underground.

　　Rescue equipment: used for underground rescue operations, including rescue cabins, rescue robots, etc.

　　These devices may vary depending on the specific needs and operating environment of the mine, and may also be equipped with other special functions such as automation control systems, monitoring equipment, etc., to improve production efficiency and safety.

　　In tunnel engineering, shotcrete is an important process for initial support and secondary lining, and its quality has a significant impact on the durability of the tunnel. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the key technical measures that cannot be ignored in shotcrete construction, helping construction personnel ensure the quality of tunnel concrete and guarantee the safety and durability of the project.

　　1、 Mix proportion design

　　1. Cement to bone ratio control: Control the cement to bone ratio of sprayed concrete between 1:4 and 1:4.5. Reasonably control the amount of cement used to avoid affecting the initial strength growth rate and shrinkage.

　　2. Sand ratio adjustment: The sand ratio should be maintained between 45% and 55% to prevent aggregate blockage.

　　3. Water cement ratio adjustment: The water cement ratio should be between 0.4 and 0.5. Ensure that cement and water are fully hydrated to form a dense cementitious structure, ensuring the strength of sprayed concrete and reducing rebound losses.

　　4. Addition of accelerators: Reasonably add accelerators, and be careful not to cause a decrease in later strength in order to pursue early strength.

　　2、 Precautions for construction preparation

　　1. Equipment inspection: Check the pipelines and joints to ensure that there is no air leakage in the air ducts and no water leakage in the water pipes. Install a valve joint every 40 to 50 meters.

　　2. Thickness marker embedding: Install shotcrete thickness inspection markers and record their exposed length. Pull the line, level with wooden bars while spraying, control the flatness of the spraying surface, and compact the concrete.

　　3. Excavation section inspection: Check the excavation section and make up for any under excavation. Reinforce unfavorable geological areas and provide sufficient lighting on the spraying operation surface.

　　3、 Maintenance measures

　　1. Initial setting leveling: After the initial setting of concrete, leveling should be carried out to avoid damaging the bonding between the internal structure of fresh concrete and the base layer.

　　2. Watering and curing after final setting: The last layer of concrete should be watered and cured for no less than 14 days after the final setting of 2 hours.

　　3. Low temperature maintenance: Water retention maintenance must be carried out when the temperature is below 5 ℃.

　　4、 Concrete thickness detection

　　1. Spray thickness inspection: Within 8 hours after the spraying is completed, drill holes to check the thickness of the reinforcement layer. If it is insufficient, it must be sprayed in a timely manner.

　　2. Thickness error control: The thickness error of the reinforcement layer should be controlled between -5 and+8 millimeters.

　　5、 Concrete strength testing

　　1. Sampling of test specimens: Cut or drill concrete specimens without cracks from the site, meeting the requirements of flatness and verticality.

　　2. Compressive strength test: Control the dispersion of the compressive strength test value of the specimen to ensure the rationality of the data.

　　3. Appearance inspection: Conduct appearance inspection to eliminate hollowing and cracking areas.

　　6、 Dust control measures

　　1. Selection of jet air pressure: Select the jet air pressure through experiments and control the jet force.

　　2. Spray material mixing * *:

　　-Uniformly mix the sprayed material to reduce rebound and dust volume.

　　3. Wet spray secondary mixing: Wet spray secondary mixing is adopted to reduce rebound.

　　4. Control the dosage of accelerators: Strictly control the dosage of accelerators.

　　Through reasonable mix design, meticulous construction preparation, effective maintenance measures, rigorous thickness and strength testing, and scientific dust control, the quality of tunnel shotcrete can be significantly improved, ensuring the safety and durability of the project. These technical measures not only provide practical guidance for construction personnel, but also lay a solid foundation for the smooth progress of tunnel engineering.

　　How to prevent tunnel collapse? Preventing tunnel collapse is an important task in tunnel engineering. It is necessary to start from multiple aspects such as design, construction, material selection, and site management, and implement strict preventive measures to ensure the safety of tunnel construction and operation. The following are some effective measures to prevent tunnel collapse:

　　1. Detailed investigation of geological conditions: Before tunnel construction, conduct a comprehensive geological survey to understand the geological structure, stratum distribution, groundwater conditions, etc., to provide accurate data support for tunnel design and construction.

　　2. Scientific and reasonable design: According to geological conditions and engineering requirements, adopt advanced design concepts and calculation methods to ensure that the tunnel structure has sufficient safety reserves and resistance.

　　3. Choose a suitable construction method: Choose a suitable construction method according to geological conditions, such as shield method, TBM (tunnel boring machine) method, traditional excavation method, etc., and take corresponding support measures.

　　4. Strengthen the design of support structure: According to the geological conditions, design a reasonable support structure, such as steel support, arch frame, shotcrete, etc., to ensure the stability of the tunnel during construction and operation.

　　5. Strictly control the construction quality: Establish a complete quality management system, strictly control every link in the construction process, and ensure that the materials, equipment and processes used meet the requirements of the specifications.

　　6. Strengthen on-site management: Establish an effective on-site management system, strengthen the training and management of construction personnel, ensure the safety and order of the construction site, and prevent man-made accidents.

　　7. Implement real-time monitoring: Install advanced monitoring equipment to monitor the displacement, stress, seepage and other key parameters of the tunnel in real time, timely discover potential dangerous factors, and take corresponding treatment measures.

　　8. Timely deal with hidden dangers: Take timely measures to deal with cracks, seepage, deformation of support structures and other problems that occur during the construction process to prevent the expansion of problems and collapse.

　　9. Regular maintenance and inspection: Carry out regular maintenance and inspection of the built tunnels, timely discover and repair problems that may affect the safety of the tunnels, and extend the service life of the tunnels.

　　Through the comprehensive use of the above measures, the risk of tunnel collapse can be greatly reduced, and the safe construction and smooth operation of tunnel projects can be guaranteed.

　　Concrete wet spraying robotic arm has become the mainstream equipment for support operations in modern tunnel and mining engineering. Its efficient spraying performance and excellent engineering quality have made it occupy an important position in the fields of civil engineering and construction. This article will introduce the characteristics, application fields, and advantages of concrete wet spraying robotic arms in support operations.

　　1、 Characteristics of concrete wet spraying manipulator

　　1. Efficient spraying: The concrete wet spraying robotic arm can achieve continuous and stable spraying operations, improving construction efficiency.

　　2. Excellent spraying quality: The wet spraying process makes the mixing of concrete and cement slurry more uniform, resulting in high density and strong adhesion of the sprayed concrete.

　　3. High degree of automation: Equipped with advanced automatic control systems, it can achieve precise control and remote operation, reduce manual intervention, and improve construction safety.

　　4. Strong adaptability: It can operate stably under various complex geological conditions and is widely used in underground engineering such as tunnels and mines.

　　2、 Application Fields

　　1. Tunnel engineering: During tunnel excavation, concrete wet spraying robots are used for initial support and secondary lining, providing a stable support structure.

　　2. Mining engineering: In mining operations, wet spraying robotic arms are used for roadway support and protection engineering to ensure mining safety.

　　3. Foundation pit support: In deep foundation pit construction, wet spraying robotic arms are used for slope support to prevent collapse and landslides.

　　4. Subway construction: In subway construction, wet spraying robotic arms are used to support shield tunnels and underground stations, ensuring construction safety and structural stability.

　　3、 Advantages in Support Operations

　　1. Improve construction efficiency: Automated operation and continuous spraying significantly shorten the construction period and improve the overall project progress.

　　2. Improve support quality: Wet sprayed concrete has high compactness, strong bonding force, significant support effect, and reduces maintenance costs in the later stage.

　　3. Enhance construction safety: Remote operation reduces the number of times construction personnel enter hazardous areas and lowers safety risks.

　　4. Adapt to complex environments: Wet spraying robotic arms can operate stably in harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and high dust, ensuring the smooth progress of projects.

　　The concrete wet spraying manipulator, as the mainstream equipment for support operations, plays an irreplaceable and important role in modern engineering construction with its efficient, high-quality, and safe construction performance. With the continuous advancement of technology, wet spraying robots will demonstrate their advantages in more fields, providing strong guarantees for engineering quality and construction efficiency.

　　What factors affect the spraying effect of a wet spraying robotic arm? The spraying effect of wet spraying robotic arm is influenced by various factors, mainly including:

　　1. Equipment parameters:

　　The model, specifications, and technical parameters of the wet spraying robotic arm, such as spraying pressure, spraying flow rate, mixing efficiency, etc., directly determine the spraying effect.

　　The design and size of the nozzle, including the diameter and shape of the spray hole, affect the spray mode and atomization effect.

　　2. Operation control:

　　The technical level and experience of the operators, as well as their proficiency in the equipment, directly affect the wet spraying effect.

　　The adjustment of wet spraying parameters, such as water cement ratio, spraying speed, and angle, needs to be precisely controlled according to construction requirements.

　　3. Material properties:

　　The formula and ratio of concrete, including the types and proportions of cement, aggregates, admixtures, and additives, affect its fluidity and bonding properties.

　　The particle size distribution, shape, and surface characteristics of aggregates, as well as their impact on the spraying effect.

　　4. Environmental conditions:

　　The climatic conditions at the construction site, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc., especially wind speed, have a significant impact on the wet spraying effect.

　　The spatial limitations of the construction environment, such as height, width, and layout of obstacles, may restrict the movement range and spraying direction of the wet spraying robot arm.

　　5. Safety measures:

　　The safety regulations and protective measures that must be followed during the wet spraying process, such as wearing appropriate protective equipment to ensure the safety of operators and the surrounding environment.

　　6. Maintenance and upkeep:

　　Regular maintenance and upkeep of the wet spraying robot arm, including cleaning, lubrication, and inspection, to ensure its normal operation and avoid a decrease in spraying effect caused by equipment failure.

　　7. Construction preparation:

　　Before construction, inspect the wet spraying robot arm to ensure that all components are intact and firmly connected, as well as prepare for the construction site, such as laying suitable substrates and setting up necessary support structures.

　　By comprehensively considering these factors and taking corresponding measures to optimize the wet spraying process, the spraying effect of the wet spraying robot can be significantly improved, ensuring construction quality.

　　What are the applicable scope of the three arm arch installation trolley? As an efficient tunnel construction equipment, the three arm arch installation trolley is mainly applicable in the following areas:

　　1. Railway tunnel: In railway tunnel construction, the three arm arch installation trolley can quickly complete the arch installation work inside the tunnel, improve construction efficiency, and ensure the smooth laying of railway lines.

　　2. Highway tunnels: The construction of highway tunnels also requires a large amount of arch installation work. The three arm arch installation trolley can work stably under various geological conditions to ensure construction quality.

　　3. Water conservancy tunnels: In water conservancy construction, such as irrigation channels, hydropower tunnels, etc., the three arm arch installation trolley can help quickly complete the installation of the internal structure of the tunnel, promoting the smooth progress of water conservancy projects.

　　4. Urban rail transit: With the acceleration of urbanization, the construction of urban rail transit is increasing day by day. The three arm arch installation trolley can be effectively applied in the construction of urban rail transit tunnels such as subways and light rails.

　　5. National Defense Engineering: In some special national defense projects, such as military tunnels, underground facilities, etc., the three arm arch installation trolley can provide stable construction support under complex geological conditions.

　　6. Other underground projects: In addition to the above-mentioned application areas, the three arm arch installation trolley can also be applied to other underground projects that require tunnel construction, such as underground shopping malls, underground parking lots, etc.

　　The three arm arch installation trolley has been widely used in the field of tunnel construction due to its high efficiency and safety, making important contributions to the rapid development of modern tunnel construction. With the continuous advancement of technology and the expansion of application scenarios, its scope of application is expected to further expand.

　　Overexcavation refers to the part of the actual excavated section outside the reference line based on the designed excavation contour line. Here are several common explanations:

　　1. Overexcavation in mining: In mining operations, overbreak refers to the situation where the actual volume of rock excavated exceeds the designed or expected excavation boundary during the excavation process. This may be due to the inaccuracy of drilling and blasting techniques, or intentionally done to ensure the stability of the working face. Overexcavation can lead to resource waste and additional costs, as it means extracting more rocks than ores.

　　2. Overexcavation of tunnels and underground engineering: In tunnel construction and other underground engineering projects, oversize or overbreak refers to the actual excavation size of tunnels or caverns being greater than the design size. This may be due to limitations in construction technology, such as insufficient drilling accuracy and improper blasting control. Overexcavation may lead to structural instability, increase support costs, and may require additional repair work.

　　3. Overexcavation under complex geological conditions: In some complex geological conditions, in order to ensure construction safety and structural stability, the construction party may intentionally carry out a certain degree of overexcavation. This can provide more space for subsequent support and lining work to cope with unforeseeable geological changes.

　　4. Overexcavation in construction: In above ground construction, over excavation may refer to digging deeper than the design depth during the foundation excavation process. This situation is usually caused by measurement errors, construction errors, or measures taken to solve foundation problems.

　　How to handle the over excavation part?

　　In basic construction, if over excavation occurs, corresponding measures may need to be taken, such as sand piles, cement fly ash piles, dynamic compaction method, replacement method, preloading method, etc., to ensure the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation.

　　In construction projects such as site excavation or tunnel excavation, there may be three situations: over excavation, under excavation, and exact excavation height. Over excavation requires backfilling of the site, while under excavation requires continued excavation, both of which result in wastage of manpower, material resources, and financial resources. In order to better control costs and schedule, construction workers usually set up temporary leveling elevations based on the site conditions, and promptly inform excavator drivers or laborers of the required excavation thickness according to the elevations.

　　Underexcavation is an engineering term that refers to the phenomenon where the perimeter of the cross-section of a shaft, tunnel, or other underground project is smaller than the design size after blasting. This term is mainly applied in fields such as coal mining, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and highway tunnels.

　　In the construction of underground projects such as tunnels and tunnels, excavation is usually required according to the designed cross-sectional dimensions. However, due to various reasons, the actual excavated section may have some areas that do not meet the design requirements, which is called under excavation.

　　The reasons for under excavation may include: low drilling accuracy, resulting in the outer insertion angle, opening position, or drilling depth of the surrounding boreholes not meeting the requirements; Improper blasting techniques, such as unreasonable types and structures of explosives, unreasonable arrangement of surrounding holes, or unreasonable blasting design; Construction operations are not standardized, such as inaccurate contour lines, poor control of drilling positioning or drilling angle deviation, insufficient drilling or unauthorized reduction of drilling depth.

　　Underexcavation may bring some problems, such as affecting the quality and safety of the project, requiring additional treatment to meet design requirements, which will increase construction costs and time. In order to reduce the phenomenon of under excavation, a series of measures need to be taken during the construction process, such as improving drilling accuracy, optimizing blasting design, strengthening construction management and measurement work, etc.

　　For example, strengthening the training of drillers to enable them to master drilling techniques proficiently; Reasonably determine the depth of the borehole based on geological conditions and construction requirements; Carefully carry out drilling and blasting design, select appropriate explosive varieties and loading methods; Using high-precision instruments for measurement, accurately drawing excavation contour lines, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen inspections during the construction process, promptly identify and address any issues of under excavation.

　　In tunnel engineering, it is very important to control over excavation (actual excavation section exceeding the design size) and under excavation, which helps to ensure project quality, reduce costs, improve construction efficiency, and ensure the stability of surrounding rock.